Piano Chords: How Many Are There?

An interesting experiment is to ask people how many6th/9th
chords there are in music. You'll be surprised to find outAdd 2nd
that most musicians don't do any better at answeringAdd 4th
that question than non-musicians.Flat 5th
Why do you suppose is that?7th with flat 5th
It is probably because it sounds like one of thoseThat's 25 of the most-used types. There are several
questions such as "How many grains of sand on theother variations, but these chord types will do nicely for
seashore are there?", or "How many stars are there inour purposes of estimating the total number of chords.
the sky?"Each chord can be inverted -- turned upside down --
And in a sense it is, but in another sense, we can get aby the number of notes in the chord. For example, a 3
fairly accurate sense of chord population just bynote chord has 3 positions -- root position, first
calculating all the chord types and then multiplying theminversion, and second inversion. A 4 note chord has 4
by the number of inversions that are possible and thepositions, a five note chord has 5 positions, and so on.
number of octaves that are possible on any givenWe will say for arguments sake that 4 positions is the
instrument.average, knowing that some chords have more and
So let's start with a listing of chord types:some have less. So if we multiply 25 chord types by 4
Majorpositions, that gives us 100 possible chords per octave.
MinorBut of course we can build chords not just on one
Diminishednote, but on 12: C, Db or C#, E, F, F# or Gb, G, G# or
AugmentedAb, A, A# or Bb, and B -- 12 different roots. So 12
Diminished 7thtimes the possible 100 or so chords per octave give us
Major 6tha rough total of 1200 possible chords.
Minor 6thSome instruments only have the range to play 2 or 3
Major 7thoctaves, whereas a piano with its 88 keys can play 7
Minor 7thoctaves -- 100 chords in the lowest octave, 100 chords
Half-diminished 7thin the next octave, 100 chords in the next octave, and
9thso on up to the top octave of the keyboard.
Flat 9thSo on the piano we could theoretically play those 1200
Sharp 9thchords in all 7 octaves, giving us some 8400 possible
11thchords. Of course, some would sound so low or so
Sharp 11thhigh that they wouldn't really be useable in a song. But
Suspensionstill, they are possible.
13thSo what's the answer to the original question? It
Sus 7thdepends upon the instrument and how many variations
Aug 7thof each chord the individual musician uses -- but in any
9th/Major 7thcase, it's a bunch!