A Short History of the Piano

If you're thinking of taking piano lessons -- or if youcomposed and published for piano, Mozart's music has
already take them -- it's a good idea to learnalways been a major selling point for the instrument.
something about the long musical tradition in which youBy the time Mozart passed away in 1791, the Industrial
will be participating. After all, nobody's choice to playRevolution had begun to take hold of Europe,
piano is made in a vacuum. No, we decide to learn thedramatically transforming all aspects of life, including
instrument because of its special musical qualities andmusic and the arts. In the early 1800s, technological
its unique history.progress allowed the piano to evolve almost wholly
Unlike piano-playing children, whose lessons are ofteninto the modern instrument we play today.
strongly urged upon them by parents, adult pianoAdvancements in technology related to the piano's
players like to have as much knowledge about oursteel strings and iron frame came just in time for use in
instrument as possible. Such knowledge not onlyBeethoven's later works. Some musical historians have
enhances the experience of playing, but it alsoeven suggested that the amazing musical and acoustic
motivates us to play with care and respect for ourgenius of Beethoven's final works simply would not
piano masters. This is true for both those who readhave been possible earlier in the composer's life. This is
music and those who play by ear.thanks to changes made to the piano, the instrument
Most piano players are aware that the instrument'sthat Beethoven loved above all others.
modern name is actually a shortened version of itsBy the end of the 1800s, the piano had all but fully
original name, "pianoforte," which is a compound of thedeveloped into the instrument we have now. This is
Italian words for "soft" and "loud." This name was givenwhy piano works by Romantic and Modernist
to the new instrument in order to differentiate it fromcomposers such as Chopin, Brahms, Tchaikovsky,
its forbear instrument, the harpsichord, whose volumeDebussy, and Stravinsky sound as if they could have
range is far less flexible than that of the piano.been written today. Also, thanks to the instrument's
While earlier instruments such as the harpsichordunprecedented power and range, as well as
generate sound by plucking strings, the piano was thegroundbreaking piano works by Beethoven and others,
first instrument to successfully generate sound bythese composers were able to expand the instrument
striking strings. Invented around 1700 by the Paduanfar beyond its early, harpsichord-influenced repertoire.
instrument-maker Bartolomeo Cristofori, theIn short, the vast range of 20th century music -- from
revolutionary mechanism of the piano, with hammerstraditional compositions, to experimental orchestral
that return to the rest position immediately after striking,music, to jazz, blues, and rock music -- would not have
made possible a far greater degree of control andbeen possible without the piano.
nuance than previous instruments.And here we are today, proudly carrying the piano
With good reason, second-generation pianos -- whichtradition into the 21st century. As you already know,
came soon after Cristofori's and his followers'the piano is now commonplace in middle-class
groundbreaking developments -- are commonlyAmerican households. Many children grow up listening
referred to as "Mozart-era" pianos. Mozart, whoseto their parents play, and many become pianists
work was both the pinnacle and the embodiment ofthemselves at a very early age. Plus, as scientific
music during the second half of the 18th century, wasstudies continue to show the health benefits of playing
an immensely popular figure even in his time. Hismusic throughout life, recent years have seen a surge
decision to play, compose for, and perform on thein adult music. Because of its beauty, simplicity,
piano did more to popularize the instrument than anyversatility, and its long and storied history, the piano is
other single person has done. Because so many of histhe top choice for budding adult musicians.
works, great and small, popular and obscure, were